What version of the NEC does Virginia use?

Virginia currently follows the 2023 National Electrical Code (NEC) with state-specific amendments. The Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code (USBC) incorporates the NEC with modifications for local conditions.

Do I need a permit for electrical work in Virginia?

Yes, most electrical work in Virginia requires a permit, including panel upgrades, new circuits, rewiring, and most replacements. Minor repairs like replacing switches or outlets may not require permits, but always check with your local jurisdiction.

What are the GFCI requirements in Virginia?

GFCI protection is required within 6 feet of water sources including kitchens, bathrooms, garages, basements, outdoor areas, laundry areas, and crawl spaces. All outlets serving kitchen countertops and bathroom sinks must have GFCI protection.

What are the main differences between Fairfax, Arlington, and Loudoun electrical codes?

While all follow the Virginia USBC and NEC, each jurisdiction has specific permit fees, inspection processes, and local amendments. Fairfax County has additional requirements for pool equipment, Arlington requires permits for most replacements, and Loudoun County has specific solar installation codes.

Virginia Electrical Code Requirements | 2023 NEC Guide

Understanding Virginia's Electrical Codes

Electrical work in Virginia must comply with the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code (USBC), which adopts the National Electrical Code (NEC) with state-specific amendments. As of 2023, Virginia follows the 2023 NEC, making it crucial for homeowners and contractors to understand the latest requirements.

This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about electrical code compliance in Virginia, including permit requirements, safety standards, and local variations in Fairfax, Arlington, and Loudoun counties.

Important Note: This guide is for informational purposes. Always consult with licensed professionals and local authorities for specific requirements in your area.

Virginia Electrical Code 2023 NEC book and permit documents

2023 Virginia Electrical Code Overview

Enhanced GFCI Protection

The 2023 NEC expands GFCI requirements to include all kitchen receptacles (not just countertop), outdoor outlets up to 150 volts, and all basements, whether finished or unfinished.

New in 2023

Surge Protection Required

Type 1 or Type 2 surge protective devices are now required for all dwelling unit services. This protects your home's electrical system from voltage spikes and surges.

Mandatory

EV Charger Standards

New requirements for electric vehicle charging equipment installation, including dedicated circuit requirements and GFCI protection for certain installations.

Updated Standards

AFCI Requirements

AFCI requirements vary by jurisdiction and enforcement practices. Contact local authorities for specific requirements.

Varies by Location

Solar & Storage Updates

Enhanced requirements for photovoltaic systems and energy storage systems, including rapid shutdown requirements and working clearances.

Green Energy Focus

Emergency Disconnects

New requirements for emergency disconnects for dwelling units, including location, marking, and accessibility requirements for first responders.

Safety Enhancement

Electrical Permit Requirements in Virginia

When Permits Are Required

Permit Required:

Panel replacements and upgrades
Meter replacements
Certain service cable replacement jobs
EV charger installations

Typically No Permit Required:

Like-for-like outlet replacements
Switch replacements (same type)
Light fixture replacements
Plug-in appliance connections
Minor repairs to existing wiring

Always verify with your local jurisdiction as requirements may vary

The Permit Process

1

Submit Application

File permit application with your local building department. Include project scope, electrical drawings, and contractor information.

2

Plan Review

Building department reviews plans for code compliance. May require revisions or additional information.

3

Permit Issuance

Once approved, permit is issued with inspection requirements. Must be posted at job site.

4

Perform Work

Licensed electrician completes work according to approved plans and code requirements.

5

Schedule Inspections

Request inspections at required stages (rough-in, final). Inspector verifies code compliance.

6

Final Approval

After passing all inspections, permit is closed. Documentation provided for records.

GFCI & AFCI Protection Requirements

GFCI Protection Required

Bathrooms: All receptacles
Kitchens: All receptacles (updated in 2023 NEC)
Garages: All receptacles
Outdoors: All receptacles up to 150V
Basements: All receptacles (finished or unfinished)
Crawl Spaces: All receptacles at or below grade
Laundry Areas: All receptacles within 6 feet of sinks
Pool Areas: All receptacles within 20 feet

AFCI Protection Requirements

AFCI requirements vary significantly by jurisdiction and enforcement practices. Contact your local building department for specific requirements in your area.

Local Jurisdiction Requirements

Fairfax County Electrical Requirements

Permit Information

Department: Land Development Services
Phone: (703) 324-1300
Online Permits: PLUS Portal
Processing Time: 2-5 business days

Special Requirements

Pool equipment bonding requirements
Solar installation specific codes
EV charger load calculations
Generator interconnection rules

Inspection Requirements

Rough-in: Before covering walls
Service Change: After panel installation
Final: All work complete

Permit Application Link

Fairfax County Permit Portal

Arlington County Electrical Requirements

Permit Information

Department: Inspection Services Division
Phone: (703) 228-3800
Online Permits: ProjectDox System
Processing Time: 1-3 business days

Special Requirements

Permits required for most replacements
Historic district considerations
Green building incentives
Condo/townhouse requirements

Inspection Requirements

Underground: Before backfill
Rough-in: Before insulation
Final: All devices installed

Permit Application Link

Arlington County Permit Portal

Loudoun County Electrical Requirements

Permit Information

Department: Building & Development
Phone: (703) 777-0220
Online Permits: LDOEP System
Processing Time: 3-7 business days

Special Requirements

Data center electrical standards
Agricultural building codes
Solar farm regulations
New construction standards

Inspection Requirements

Footer/Trench: Before pour/backfill
Rough-in: After rough wiring
Final: Complete installation

Permit Application Link

Loudoun County Permit Portal

Common Code Violations to Avoid

Grounding & Bonding Issues

Missing equipment grounding conductors
Improper bonding of metal water pipes
Undersized grounding electrode conductors
Missing intersystem bonding

Outlet & Circuit Issues

Reversed polarity connections
Missing GFCI protection
Overloaded circuits
Improper wire gauge for circuit breaker

Panel & Service Issues

Double-tapped breakers
Missing panel labeling
Improper working clearances
Neutral and ground bonded in subpanel

Wiring Method Violations

Improper cable support spacing
Missing junction box covers
Exposed wiring in living spaces
Improper wire splice methods

Downloadable Resources

Electrical Inspection Checklist

Comprehensive checklist to prepare for electrical inspections in Virginia. Covers all major code requirements.

Download PDF

Permit Application Guide

Step-by-step guide for electrical permit applications in Fairfax, Arlington, and Loudoun counties.

Download PDF

GFCI/AFCI Quick Reference

Quick reference guide for GFCI and AFCI protection requirements under the 2023 NEC in Virginia.

Download PDF

Homeowner's Code Guide

Simplified guide to understanding Virginia electrical codes for homeowners planning renovations.

Download PDF

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What version of the NEC does Virginia currently use?

Virginia currently follows the 2023 National Electrical Code (NEC) with state-specific amendments through the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code (USBC). The state typically adopts new NEC versions within 3-6 years of publication.

Q: Can homeowners do their own electrical work in Virginia?

In Virginia, homeowners can perform electrical work on their own primary residence if they obtain the proper permits and pass inspections. However, the work must still meet all code requirements, and some jurisdictions have restrictions. Licensed electricians are required for rental properties and commercial work.

Q: How long are electrical permits valid in Virginia?

Electrical permits in Virginia are typically valid for 12 months from the date of issuance. If work is not completed within this timeframe, you may need to apply for an extension. Permits become null and void if work doesn't commence within 6 months of issuance in most jurisdictions.

Q: What's the penalty for unpermitted electrical work?

Penalties for unpermitted electrical work vary by jurisdiction but can include fines ranging from $100 to $1,000 per violation, stop work orders, requirement to remove and redo work, difficulty selling your home, and potential insurance claim denials. Always obtain proper permits before starting electrical work.

Q: How do I verify if my electrician is licensed in Virginia?

You can verify an electrician's license through the Virginia Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation (DPOR) website. Search by license number or contractor name. All electrical contractors in Virginia must hold a valid state license and carry proper insurance.

Need Help with Code Compliance?

AJ Long Electric's licensed electricians are experts in Virginia electrical codes. We handle permits, ensure compliance, and pass inspections on the first try.

Get Code-Compliant Estimate Call 703-997-0026

Licensed in VA (#2705031092), MD (#3309), and DC (#EM40000654)